The US Navy Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Carney transits the Suez Canal, Egypt, Oct. 18, 2023. Photo: US Navy/Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Aaron Lau/Handout via REUTERS

Several US allies have said they support efforts to protect shipping in the Red Sea after attacks by Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthi terrorist group, but some have said they would not join a naval coalition that Washington said it was building for the task.

The response has added to confusion for shipping companies, some of which have been rerouting vessels away from the area after the attacks that the Houthi group says it has launched in response to Israel’s assault on the Gaza Strip.

WHAT HAS THE UNITED STATES ANNOUNCED?

US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced on Tuesday plans to set up a multinational coalition to safeguard Red Sea shipping called Operation Prosperity Guardian.

During a trip to the Middle East, he said the operations would be joined by Britain, Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles, and Spain.

WHAT ARE OTHER NATIONS SAYING?

– FRANCE

France’s Defense Ministry said it supported efforts to secure freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and surrounding area and said it already operated in the region. But it said its ships would stay under French command and did not say if it would deploy more naval forces.

France has a naval base in the United Arab Emirates and 1,500 troops in Djibouti. Its frigate Languedoc is now in the Red Sea.

– ITALY

Italy’s Defense Ministry said it would send naval frigate Virginio Fasan to the Red Sea to protect its national interests in response to specific requests made by Italian shipowners.

It said this was part of its existing operations and was not part of Operation Prosperity Guardian.

– SPAIN

Spain’s Defense Ministry said it would only participate in NATO-led missions or EU-coordinated operations. “We will not participate unilaterally in the Red Sea operation,” it said.

– BRITAIN

Britain said destroyer HMS Diamond would join Operation Prosperity Guardian. Britain’s Defense Ministry said the coalition would operate as part of the US-led CMF.

– OTHER COUNTRIES

The Netherlands said it would send two staff officers and Norway said it would send 10 naval officers to Bahrain, the headquarters of CMF.

WHAT EXISTING NAVAL COALITIONS OPERATE IN THE AREA?

Several navies are already part of international operations to protect shipping lanes in the region, including protecting vessels from pirates who for several years disrupted shipping off the coast of Somalia.

The missions include:

– Operation Atalanta, set up by European Union Naval Force Somalia (EUNAVFOR), operates off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean to support UN resolutions to protect the seas from piracy. Its headquarters is in Spain.

– Operation Agenor is a European-led operation which aims to guarantee freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, a major shipping lane for oil exports from Gulf states.

– Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) is a multinational maritime partnership led by the US from Bahrain, the base for the US Navy Fifth Fleet. CMF has 39 members, including NATO and European states, regional countries and other nations. One of its missions is the Combined Task Force 153 (CTF 153), which operates in the Red Sea.